Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), also known as complex regional pain
syndrome (CRPS), is a chronic, painful, and progressive neurological condition
that affects skin, muscles, joints, and bones that can lead to permanent
damage and disability. The same condition is also known by many other
names, including Causalgia, shoulder-hand syndrome, and various names
that include the term "traumatic" or "posttraumatic"
because the condition most often arises following a physical injury.
Typically, people develope RSD from some type of physical injury. This
could be anything from a simple bump, bruise, or cut to more serious damage
from a crushing wound, a stab wound, frostbite, burn or traumatic accident.
Surgery and various forms of disease-including heart attack, stroke, infection,
cancer, and spinal arthritis can also start the process.
The condition is believed to start with a reflex arc, with impulses traveling
along the nerves from the site of injury to the spinal cord and right
back out again. The sympathetic nerves, which arc involved in control
of such functions as blood pressure, carry an abnormally high level of
impulses back outward.
The result is pain, alterations in blood flow, and dystrophy, or defective
growth, referring to the deterioration that will eventually occur in the
bones and soft tissues in the affected area. There is no way to predict
if or when RSD will develop. Most injuries heal normally but even a minor
injury can lead to this condition.
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